人巨细胞病毒编码miRNA功能及其作用机制

人巨细胞病毒（human cytomegalovirus, HCMV）是疱疹病毒β亚科中的代表成员之一，是一种具有囊膜包裹的DNA双链病毒，对免疫耐受群体和先天性感染的婴幼儿具有很高的发病率。HCMV具有潜伏感染和裂解感染两种感染状态。这两种感染过程中均有不同的miRNA表达模式。这些miRNA不仅参与胞内宿主或病毒自身基因表达调控与病毒复制，也能调节胞内物质的转运和病毒感染状态的转变等过程。本文就HCMV编码的miRNA,其生物合成机制和生物学功能进行简要综述，为深入研究其生物功能和作用机制奠定基础。

The Biological Function and Mechanism of Human Cytomegalovirus-Encoded miRNAs

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a representative of Betaherpesvirinae subfamily, which is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus with large genome. HCMV infection causes morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed patients and congenital infected neonates. HCMV is characterized by the latent infection and lytic infection in the viral life cycle, and the miRNA expression pattern shows significant difference between latent infection and lytic infection. The miRNAs plays key roles in various biological processes such as gene expression regulation, viral replication, transition from latent infection to lytic infection, and vesicle trafficking. This review summarizes the miRNAs encoded by HCMV, the biosynthesis mechanism and their roles in viral life cycle. This review will be helpful for further research of the functions and action mechanism of HCMV-encoded miRNAs.