旅游开发对景观边缘植物溢出效应的影响

人类活动导致的景观改变能形成大量的生境缀块和边缘结构,对植物扩散产生重要影响。以植物个体运动生态学——种子扩散模式作为分类依据,对兴凯湖自然保护区游憩带与非游憩带、交通廊道与非交通廊道中动物扩散物种、风扩散物种、无助力扩散物种(包括重力扩散、弹射扩散等短距离扩散的物种)以及全部物种的边缘溢出效应分别进行对比分析。结果显示,游憩带动物扩散物种和全部物种的边缘溢出效应均明显弱于非游憩带;而风扩散物种在游憩带和非游憩带均有大量溢出;无助力扩散物种在这两个实验区的溢出效应均不明显。交通廊道中动物扩散物种的溢出效应显著弱于非交通廊道,但风扩散物种却明显强于非交通廊道;无助力扩散物种在两种廊道类型中同样只有少量溢出,且距离相对较短;总体溢出效应并未发现显著差异。这些结果表明,旅游开发对植物运动生态学产生了影响,最终导致了溢出效应的改变。

Effects of tourism development on plant spillover effects at the edge of a landscape

Anthropogenic landscape alteration can create fragmented habitats and alter edge structures, considerably affecting the natural dispersal of plant species. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis on edge-spillover effects of animal-dispersed, wind-dispersed, unassisted-dispersal (including species dispersed by gravity and ejection), and total species between both recreational/non-recreational zones, and traffic/non-traffic corridors in the Khanka nature reserve based on the plant individual motion ecology-seed dispersal modes. The results showed that edge-spillover effects of both animal-dispersed and total species were significantly weaker in recreational zones than in non-recreational zones, while wind-dispersed species significantly spilled over in both zones. We only documented a few unassisted-dispersal species spilling over in either zone. The spillover-effects of animal-dispersed species were weaker in traffic corridors than in non-traffic corridors; in contrast, the spillover effects of wind-dispersed species in traffic corridors were significantly stronger than in non-traffic corridors. Similar to the recreational and non-recreational zones, a few unassisted-dispersal species spilled over into both experimental corridors and their spillover distances were relatively shorter than that of the animal-dispersed and wind-dispersed species. There was no significant difference in the total species spillover effects between the two types of corridors. The results indicated that tourism development had a considerable effect on the motion ecology of plants, leading to changes in spillover effects.