高迁移率族蛋白成员HMG20a/b的研究进展

高迁移率族(HMG)蛋白是一类广泛存在的非组蛋白型染色体蛋白,能通过诱导染色质结构的变化影响DNA表达。HMG20a和HMG20b是一对高度同源的HMG家族蛋白,均含有一个结构保守的HMG-box结构域和一个coiled-coil结构域,在生物体内广泛表达。HMG20a/b在细胞核内参与组蛋白去甲基酶复合物LSD1-Co REST的形成及一系列与细胞分裂分化相关的生理进程,如神经细胞核红细胞的分化、细胞质分裂以及EMT过程。研究发现,HMG20a/b一些功能的发挥是通过LSD1-Co REST复合物来实现的;在神经分化过程中,HMG20a、HMG20b具有相互拮抗的作用;而HMG20a促进EMT过程反映它很可能是一个促癌因子。本文对HMG20a/b的结构和体内分布及生物学功能进行综述。

Research Progress of HMG20a/b, Members of High Mobility Group Proteins

ABSTRACT: High Mobility Group (HMG) proteins are a class of widespread non-histone chromosomal proteins, which impact DNA expression by inducing structure changes in chromatin. HMG20a and HMG20b are close paralogues of HMG family proteins, both with a conserved HMG-box domain and a coiled-coil domain, and are widely expressed in vivo. They are involved in the formation of histone demethylase complex LSD1-CoREST in the nucleus and participate in a series of physiological processes associated with cell division and differentiation, such as neuronal and erythrocyte differentiation, cytoplasmic cleavage, and EMT processes. Researches suggest that several functions of HMG20a/b are achieved by LSD1-CoREST complexes. The antagonistic effects between HMG20a and HMG20b are observed during neural differentiation, while HMG20a is confirmed to promote the EMT process, which reflects that it is probably a cancer-inducing factor. The structure and in vivo distribution as well as biological functions of HMG20a/b are reviewed in this paper.