细胞代谢过程中的酶促糖基化及其功能

细胞代谢过程中多样的生化修饰反应能够精细调控细胞的活力与功能。其中,酶促糖基化是细胞代谢调控过程中普遍存在的一种分子修饰,对维持和调节细胞功能具有重要影响。糖基转移酶通过将糖基供体的糖基转移至相应的受体分子来实现糖基化修饰。受体分子经过糖基化修饰会改变其在细胞内的稳定性、溶解性和区域定位等特性,并在调节细胞周期、信号转导、蛋白质表达调控、应答反应和清除细胞异物等诸多生物过程中起着重要作用。简要介绍了细胞代谢过程中糖基转移酶超家族的分类、命名和催化机制。重点阐述细胞中蛋白质类生物大分子和小分子化合物的糖基化反应及其在细胞代谢过程中的功能。展望了细胞中糖基化反应及糖基转移酶在人类健康、医药产品、工业催化、食品和农业等领域的应用前景。

Enzymatic Glycosylation and Its Function in Metabolic Process of Cells

The cell viability and functions are finely regulated through various biochemical modification occurred in the metabolism process. Enzymatic glycosylation is a common molecular modification in metabolic regulation and has an important impact on maintaining and regulating cells functions. Glycosyltransferases are enzymes that catalyze the transfer glycosyl moieties from activated donor to a wide and diverse range of acceptor molecules. The glycosylation of the acceptor molecules lead to changes of their intracellular properties such as stability, solubility and regional localization, and thus played important roles in many bioprocesses including cell cycles, signal transduction, protein expression, resistance responses, and clearance of pollutants. The classification, naming and catalytic mechanism of glycosyltransferase superfamily are briefly introduced. Then the glycosylation of protein and small molecule compounds and their functions in metabolic processes are reviewed, when the glycoside was transferred to intracellular biomolecule proteins and small molecule compounds. At last,the application prospects of glycosyltransferases and glycosylation reactions in the fields of human health pharmaceutical products, industrial catalysis, food and agriculture are looked forward.