利用生物技术创建主要作物雄性不育杂交育种和制种的技术体系

雄性不育技术在作物杂种优势利用和杂交种生产中发挥着重要作用。基于核质互作雄性不育的“三系法”与光温敏核不育的“两系法”已经在水稻等主要作物的杂交制种中获得了广泛应用,但是存在着资源利用效率低、育性不稳定、易受外界环境影响等诸多问题。近三十年来,利用生物技术创建不同类型的植物雄性不育系取得了一系列突破性进展。主要针对玉米、水稻、小麦三大作物的基因工程雄性不育技术的最新进展进行总结,特别详细地描述了本实验室最近研究创制的玉米多控不育技术体系,以期为相关研究和产业化应用提供技术参考。

Construction of Male-sterility System Using Biotechnology and Application in Crop Breeding and Hybrid Seed Production

Male sterility plays an important role in hybrid vigor utilization and hybrid seed production in crops. The three-line system and two-line system based on cytoplasmic male sterility and photo-thermo sensitive male sterility had been widely used in crop hybrid seed production. But there are some limitations such as low efficiency of germplasm utilization, unstable fertility in variable environmental condition. In the last three decades, many artificial manipulations of male sterility in plants have been accomplished by using genetic engineering or biotechnology strategies. The reported approaches used for generating artificial biotechnology male-sterile lines in the main three crops such as maize, rice and wheat are outlined. Especially, detail the multi-control sterility (MCS) system in maize designed by our laboratory recently is described. This will give some insights on the commercial application of male sterility in crop breeding and hybrid seed production.