滨海城市土地利用格局演变及对生态系统服务价值的影响

土地利用变化改变土地原有的生态系统服务价值(ESV)和功能,关系地区可持续发展。选择沿海城市厦门市为研究区,利用1989、2000、2010年3期土地利用数据和相关文献数据,采用土地利用动态度、转移矩阵方法,ESV等指标计算分析了厦门市土地利用的变化及其对ESV的影响。研究结果表明:1989—2010年厦门市土地利用综合动态度为同时期全国水平的5倍多。该时期厦门市和全国建设用地动态度均高于其他地类。其中2000—2010年间,厦门市土地利用综合动态度是1989—2010年间近5倍(458.94%);在厦门市与各沿海地区对比中发现,1989—2010年整个沿海地区建设用地的动态度都高于其他各个单一地类。各沿海地区建设用地动态度大小排序为浙江沿海厦门福建沿海江苏沿海,厦门市排序靠前。空间特征上,厦门市建设用地的增加主要是由滨海带滩涂的填埋和耕地的占用,处于北部的林地基本稳定。研究期1989—2010年间,厦门市ESV总量一直处于下降趋势,其中2000—2010年ESV总减少量(1.2亿元)是1989—2000年总减少量(1000万元)的十余倍(1382.57%)。研究区由于水域和耕地的大面积减少,导致水源涵养、废物处理等生态系统服务功能趋于弱化,最终致使各类ESV成分在1989—2010年间整体上均处于下降趋势。下降幅度最大的仍然是水文调节和废物处理,食物和原材料生产变化幅度最小。1989—2000阶段中保持土壤ESV变化的贡献最大,2000—2010阶段中水文调节ESV变化的贡献最大。2010年厦门市单位面积ESV在东部沿海地区中处于较低水平。反观厦门市2000—2010年远高于全国水平的土地利用动态度,表明厦门市在未来的城市建设中应当划出生态红线,加强对具有关键生态功能的生态用地保护,特别是水域和北部的林地。

The evolvement of land use patterns in coastal cities and its influence on ecosystem service values

Land use change alters the original ecosystem service values (ESV) and function of land, related toregional sustainable development. This research chose the coastal city of Xiamen as a study area, using land use data and related literature data on three phases, 1989, 2000, and 2010, the transfer matrix method, the indexes of ESV and land use dynamic degree, and calculated and analyzed the land use change in Xiamen City and its effects on ESV. The results showed that the land use dynamic degree (LUDD) in Xiamen was more than five times the national level during the same period of 1989-2010. In this period, both the dynamic degree of built-up land in Xiamen City and entire nation were higher than other types of land use. Between 2000 and 2010, Xiamen''s LUDD was nearly five times (458.94%) that of between 1989 and 2010. Furthermore, the built-up land net change and dynamic degree in both Xiamen and the entire nation were as times as those in 1989-2000, much higher than that of other land use types. In comparison with the LUDD for Xiamen City and three other coastal areas, the built-up land was also higher than other land use types. Additionally, Xiamen''s dynamic degree of built up land ranked higher than that of Zhejiang Coast > Xiamen > Fujian Coast > Jiangsu Coast. Regarding the spatial patterns, the increase of the built-up land in Xiamen was mainly by the landfills of watersheds and occupied the farmland around the coastal zone. Forest land remained steady in the northern area.During the period of 1989-2010, the ESV in Xiamen was consistently in decline, of which the total decreasedamount of ESV in 2000-2010 (120 million Chinese Yuan) was more than 10 times (1382.57%) of that (RMB 10 million) in 1989-2000. Because of the large area reduction in water and farmland, the ecosystem service functions, such as water conservation and waste disposal tended to be weakened, resulting in many ESV components decreasing in the entire period from 1989 to 2010. The largest decline was hydrologic regulation and waste disposal, with minimal changes in food and raw material production. During the 1989-2000 stage, the ESV change in soil protection contributed the most, whereas in the 2000-2010 stage, the ESV change in the hydrological regulation made the biggest contribution. In 2010, the ESV per km² of Xiamen was ranked at a low level in the eastern coastal areas. Looking back on its high LUDD in 2000-2010, it indicated that Xiamen needed to define an ecological redline for strict protectionon keyecological functional zones, especially for watersheds and forest land in the northern area.