"肠道微生物-肠道-脑轴"机制--肠道微生物干预神经退行性病变研究进展

肠道微生物是人体中最为庞大和复杂的微生物群落,其对机体的健康,尤其是中枢神经退行性病变具有重要调节作用。其中,"肠道微生物-肠道-脑轴"机制是肠道微生物干预中枢神经退行性病变的重要途径。该机制主要通过以下三种方式来调节大脑功能:一是肠道微生物直接产生神经递质通过肠神经细胞上行至中枢神经系统;二是肠道微生物代谢产物刺激肠内分泌细胞产生神经肽类和胃肠激素类物质,影响大脑功能;三是肠道微生物或其代谢产物直接刺激肠道免疫系统,产生干扰素类物质干扰大脑免疫反应。本文对"肠道微生物-肠道-脑轴"机制的概念及研究进展进行了详细的介绍,同时总结了有关肠道微生物与阿尔兹海默症、帕金森症和多发性硬化症等神经退行性疾病相互作用的相关文献。依据"肠道微生物-肠道-脑轴"机制,利用肠道微生物预防和治疗神经退行性病变,或将成为解决中枢神经系统疾病的新措施。

Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: the Impact of the Gut Microbiota on Neurodegenerative Diseases

ABSTRACT: Gut microbiota and its metabolites regulate the function of brain, and its potential pathways lies in the communication between gut microbiota and central nervous system through the microbiota - gut - brain axis. Microbiota - gut - brain axis is kind of inter- action pathway including immune mechanisms, the vagus nerve and microbial neuronmetabolite production effects. Dysfunction of mi- crobiota may cause lots of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer''s disease, Parkinson''s disease and multiple sclerosis. Futher clinical and in vivo studies are needed to better understand the link between probiotics or antibiotics and control of neurodegenerative diseases.