贵州省典型植烟生态区域根际土壤微生物群落多样性

土壤微生物是土壤的重要组成部分,它对土壤肥力的形成和植物营养的转化起着积极的作用。采用16S V4区高通量测序等方法对贵州省不同生态区域典型植烟土壤根际微生物群落进行分析研究,从根际土壤微生物群落特征上诠释不同生态区域典型土壤根际微生物群落的信息差异。结果表明:贵州省不同生态区域弱酸和酸性土壤占70.06%,有机碳平均2.24%,有机碳含量总体偏高,全氮与有机碳含量具有一定相关性;根际土壤微生物的OTUs数量差异明显,呈现总体是西部高于东部,南部高于北部;微生物属水平物种丰度差异显示,土壤类型对微生物群落丰度影响显著,而在土壤功能微生物上黔北区域的变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)两个门的微生物相对丰度最高,而在黔中中部区域变形菌门的丰度显著高于放线菌门的丰度。黔西南和黔中中部区域土壤微生物属水平优势种群显著高于其他地区,种群平衡度不高,具有土传病害发生的潜在危险。通过贵州省不同生态区域土壤微生物根际微生物信息分析与研究,为后续土壤生物修复奠定了良好的研究基础。

Investigation and analysis of microbial information in tobacco-planted soil from different ecological regions in the Guizhou Province

Soil microbial characteristics can sensitively reflect soil quality and health. In order to illustrate the difference among various ecological regions in microbial information, the microbial community structures in tobacco-planted soil were assessed and analyzed by high throughput sequencing (16S V4 region). The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were significantly diverse in different ecological regions. The soil microbial population in the west of Guizhou Province was relatively higher than that in the east of Guizhou, while that in the south was higher than that in the north. The microbial phyla Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the top two in relative abundance in the north of Guizhou Province. In central Guizhou Province, Proteobacteria abundance was significantly greater than Actinobacteria abundance. The soil dominant genera in the southwest and central Guizhou Province were much more than other regions. However, the microbial population was imbalanced, inducing potential outbreak of soil-borne disease. This study provides a better understanding of the soil microbial community and will also provide a theoretical basis to build a good foundation for soil bio-remediation in the future.