高原训练中运动员腹泻发生状况及肠道菌群的变化

目的:通过实地调研考察高原训练中运动员腹泻发生率,并采集运动员粪便样品,研究高原训练过程中运动员肠道菌群变化。方法:赴多巴国家高原训练基地调研在训运动员胃肠道反应,统计腹泻发生率及发生的时间特点。分别在运动员进驻高原前和高原训练过程中采集粪便样品,进行粪便常规检测、提取全基因组DNA,质检合格样品采用高通量测序的手段进行微生物多样性分析。结果:1)高原训练期间运动员腹泻发生率为46.7%,所有腹泻案例持续时间均10天,其中74.1%持续时间5天。2)腹泻案例发生主要集中在两个时间段,分别是进入高原后的第1-3天(占总腹泻案例数的35.7%)及进入高原后的第7-10天(占总腹泻案例数的46.4%),至进入高原后的第12天不再有新增腹泻案例出现。3)运动员进驻高原前后微生物多样性无显著差异。4)相较与平原时,运动员肠道菌群拟杆菌门先上升后恢复,厚壁菌门先下降后恢复。结论:1)高原训练中运动员多发腹泻,腹泻案例呈现出两个爆发高峰。2)运动员进驻高原后肠道菌群结构发生改变,表现为拟杆菌门占比上升、厚壁菌门占比下降。随着微生物多样性分析技术的普及,针对性补充有益菌保障运动员平稳度过高原习服期,有助于降低高原训练期间腹泻发生率。

Athletes' Diarrhea Occurrence and Changes of Intestinal Microbial Flora in High Altitude Training

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of diarrhea and the change in intestinal microbial flora during altitude training. Methods: To observe the gastrointestinal reaction and to statistically analyze the incidence rate and the tim- ing characteristics of diarrhea in 64 long distance runners during Douba national altitude training camp. Meanwhile, feces samples of 15 middle/long distance runners from Liaoning Province team were taken before they arrived at altitude training camp and at the 5 time-point (immediately, 3rd, 6th , 9th and 12th day) after their arrival. Every sample was routinely examined within 1 hour after sampling and whole genome DNA were extracted, and microbiological diversity in available DNA samples was analyzed by high throughput sequencing. Results: 1) In athletes during altitude training, the incidence rate of diarrhea rate was 46.7% and its duration time was less than 10 days, most of them (74.1%) less than 5 days. 2) A high incidence of diarrhea cases are mainly concentrated in two periods, re- spectively in 1-3 days (35.7% of total diarrhea cases) and in 7-10 days (46.4% to total diarrhea cases) after arrived at altitude, there was no diarrhea case after 12 days. 3) There is no significant difference in microbial diversity of before and after arrived at altitude. 4) Bac- teroidetes'' proportion of the intestinal microflora first increased and then recovered, and its Firmicutes'' proportion first decreased and then recovered during altitude training. Conclusion: 1) Diarrhea cases often occured in athletes during altitude training camp, showing two peak periods. 2) After arrived at altitude, there was no significant change in intestinal microbial flora diversity. In phylum level, however, Bacteroidetes'' proportion showed a trend from increase to regain its original level and Firmicutes'' proportion showed a trend from de- crease to recovery.