Synthesis of carotenoids by<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Rhodotorula rubra</Emphasis> GED8 co-cultured with yogurt starter cultures in whey ultrafiltrate |
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Authors: | Email author" target="_blank">E?D?SimovaEmail author G?I?Frengova D?M?Beshkova |
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Institution: | (1) Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Maritza Blvd., Institute of Microbiology, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria |
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Abstract: | Two cultures, a yeast (Rhodorula rubra GED8) and a yogurt starter (Lactobacillus bulgaricus 2–11+Streptococcus thermophilus 15HA), were selected for associated growth in whey ultrafiltrate (WU) and active synthesis of carotenoids. In associated cultivation with the yogurt culture L bulgaricus 2–11+S. thermophilus 15HA under intensive aeration (1.3 l–1min–1 air-flow rate) in WU (45 g lactose l–1), initial pH 5.5, 30 °C, the lactose-negative strain R. rubra GED8 synthesized large amounts of carotenoids (13.09 mg l–1 culture fluid). The carotenoid yield was approximately two-fold higher in association with a mixed yogurt culture than in association with pure yogurt bacteria. The major carotenoid pigments comprising the total carotenoids were -carotene (50%), torulene (12.3%) and torularhodin (35.2%). Carotenoids with a high -carotene content were produced by the microbial association 36 h earlier than by Rhodotorula yeast species. No significant differences were notd in the ratio between the pigments synthesized by R. rubra GED8+L. bulgaricus 2–11, R. rubra GED8+S. thermophilus 15HA, and R.rubra GED8+yogurt culture, despite the fact that the total carotenoid concentrations were lower in the mixed cultures with pure yogurt bacteria. |
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Keywords: | Carotenogenesis Rhodotorula rubra Yogurt starter Co-cultures Whey ultrafiltrate |
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