贵州4个蓝莓品种的海拔适应性研究

为了探讨蓝莓对贵州山林环境的适应特性，选择贵州低海拔(800 m)、中海拔(1100 m)和高海拔(2000 m) 3个区域栽培的兔眼蓝莓Vaccinium ashei‘灿烂’、‘圆蓝’和高丛蓝莓V. corymbosum‘蓝雨’、‘莱克西’等4 个品种，测定分析其叶片和果实的相关生理指标。结果表明，4 个品种的丙二醛(MDA)含量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均随海拔升高呈显著下降趋势，叶片相对电导率、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和总叶绿素含量则随海拔上升呈显著增加趋势；而在相同海拔区域中，‘灿烂’的叶片相对电导率和MDA 含量是4 个品种中最低的；其SOD 活性则在各海拔区域中是最高。在蓝莓果实品质方面，高海拔地区的VC 含量以‘莱克西’为最高，‘灿烂’最低，低海拔和中海拔地区则以‘圆蓝’为最高，‘蓝雨’最低；花青素含量依次为‘圆蓝’＞‘灿烂’＞‘莱克西’＞‘蓝雨’，蓝莓果实单重表现为‘莱克西’＞‘灿烂’＞‘圆蓝’＞‘蓝雨’，均具有一定的规律性；‘圆蓝’的糖酸比在低、中海拔区均为最高，在高海拔区则以‘灿烂’为最高。以上说明4 个蓝莓品种在贵州不同海拔地区中抗性指标和叶绿素的变化表现出一定的抗逆境能力，是对环境的适应性表现；其中，‘灿烂’的适应性最好，果粒较大，在高海拔区糖酸比最高；‘圆蓝’的适应性弱于‘灿烂’和‘莱克西’，果粒较小，糖酸比在中低海拔区域最高，适口性最好，VC 和花青素含量最高。

Altitude Adaptability of Four Blueberry Cultivars in Guizhou

Four cultivars of blueberry, i.e. Vaccinium ashei ‘Britewell’, V. ashei ‘Gardenblue’, V. corymbosum ‘Bluerain’, and V. corymbosum ‘Legacy’, were grown in different altitude regions, i.e. low altitude (800 m), mediate altitude (1100 m) and high altitude (2000 m) in Guizhou. And their relevant physiological indicators of leaves and fruits were determined. The results suggested that, physiologically, the MDA content and CAT activity of the four varieties showed a significant downward trend with increasing altitude, while the leaves’ REL, POD, SOD, and TC increased significantly with increasing altitude. When given a same elevation, the REL and MDA content of ‘Britewell’ leaves were the lowest among the four species, while its SOD activity appeared to be the highest in the three elevation zones. In terms of the quality of blueberry fruit, the VC content of ‘Legacy’ grown in high-altitude area performed the best, while that of ‘Britewell’ in high-altitude area ranked the lowest. As for low and mid-altitude areas, ‘Gardenblue’ had the highest VC content, and ‘Bluerain’ the lowest. The rank of anthocyanin content was as such: ‘Gardenblue’> ‘Britewell’> ‘Legacy’>‘Bluerain’; as for the average weight of blueberry fruit, the order was ‘Legacy’> ‘Britewell’ > ‘Gardenblue’ > ‘Bluerain’, which showed certain regularity; in low and mid-altitude areas, ‘Gardenblue’ produced the highest sugar-acid ratio out of the four varieties. And in high-altitude region, sugar-acid ratio of ‘Britewell’ appeared to be the highest. The above studies presented the resistance indexes and chlorophyll changes of the four blueberry varieties in regions of different altitudes in Guizhou, indicating that they were all equipped with certain stress resistance, that was, the adaptability against harsh environment, wherein, ‘Britewell’ was believed to had the best adaptability, with larger fruit, highest sugar-acid ratio in high altitude region, and the content of OPC as well as VC only following that of ‘Gardenblue’; the adaptability of ‘Britewell’ and ‘Legacy’ beats that of ‘Gardenblue’, whose fruit was smaller, with sugar-acid ratio ranking the highest in low and mid-altitude, the best palatability, and the highest VC and OPC content.