Phylogenetic relationships in Bulbostylis (Abildgaardieae: Cyperaceae) inferred from nuclear and plastid DNA sequence data |
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Authors: | Andrea G. Reutemann Rodrigo E. Ardissone María Gabriela López Sebastián Elias Muchut Ilsi Boldrini Abelardo Carlos Vegetti |
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Affiliation: | 1. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Kreder 2805. Esperanza CP 3080, Santa Fe, Argentinaareutemann@fca.unl.edu.ar;3. Programa de Pós-gradua??o em Botanica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Av. Paulo Gama 110. Porto Alegre, Brazil;4. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Sargento Cabral 2131. Corrientes CP 3400, Corrientes, Argentina;5. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Kreder 2805. Esperanza CP 3080, Santa Fe, Argentina;6. Departamento de Botanica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Conselho Nacional Científico e Tecnológico, Av. Paulo Gama 110. Porto Alegre, Brazil |
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Abstract: | Previous molecular phylogenetic analyses of the family Cyperaceae based on rbcL sequences showed Bulbostylis as paraphyletic, with B. atrosanguinea and B. hispidula forming a clade with Nemum spadiceum. On the contrary, phylogenetic analyses of the tribe Abildgaardieae based on nuclear (ITS ribosomal region) and plastid sequences (trnL-F region) showed Bulbostylis as monophyletic, although they only incorporated four species of Bulbostylis and none of Nemum. In this work, we presented a phylogenetic hypothesis of Bulbostylis based on a comprehensive sampling, including species from different continents for the first time. New sequences of Abildgaardia, Crosslandia, Fimbristylis, and Nemum were included to test the monophyly of Bulbostylis. In total, 84 sequences of both ITS and trnL regions were generated. Analyses were performed using Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood, and parsimony. Ancestral state reconstruction was performed using ML, MCMC, and parsimony methods. In all analyses, Bulbostylis resulted paraphyletic as Nemum atracuminatum is nested within it. Most American species of Bulbostylis grouped together, but relationships amongst them appeared poorly resolved. Ancestral state reconstructions of native distribution suggest an African ancestor of Bulbostylis, with at least three introduction independent events of the species in America. Morphological diagnostic characters such as the ‘style base permanence or detachment from the ripe achene’, and the ‘micromorphological patterns of the achene surface’ are homoplastic in this phylogenetic context, and therefore unsuitable to propose infrageneric groupings within the Bulbostylis. |
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Keywords: | Bayesian inference ITS maximum likelihood molecular phylogenetic analysis parsimony trnL intron |
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