Cellular and humoral factors involved in the response of rainbow trout gills to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infections: molecular and immunohistochemical studies |
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| Authors: | Olsen Moonika M Kania Per W Heinecke Rasmus D Skjoedt Karsten Rasmussen Karina J Buchmann Kurt |
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| Institution: | 1. Laboratory of Aquatic Pathobiology, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 7, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;2. Department of Cancer and Inflammation, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Winsløwparken 21.1, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark;1. Department of Basic Science and Aquatic Medicine, The Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Ullevålsveien 72, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, 0033 Oslo, Norway;2. Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ullevålsveien 68, P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, 0106 Oslo, Norway;1. Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom;2. IRTA, Centro de San Carlos de la Rápita, San Carlos de la Rápita, 43540 Tarragona, Spain;3. College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China;1. NCMCRS, Locked Bag 1370, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tas 7250, Australia;2. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, QBP, 306 Carmody Rd., St. Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia;1. NCMCRS, Locked Bag 1370, University of Tasmania, Launceston TAS 7250, Australia;2. Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA |
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| Abstract: | The parasitic ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infecting skin, fins and gills of fish induces a protective immune response in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) surviving the infection and a similar protection can be conferred by i.p. injection of live theronts. A combined molecular and immunohistochemical approach has been used in this work for pinpointing cellular and humoral immune factors in gill tissue involved in the response and indicating interactions between the systemic and local responses. Fish were immunized by intra-peritoneal injection of live I. multifiliis theronts, control fish were injected with PBS and subgroups were treated with the immuno-suppressant hydrocortisone before fish were challenged with live theronts. Significant up-regulations of genes encoding IgM, IgT, C3, SAA, IL-8, IL-22 and IFN-γ were induced by immunization and challenge. Hydrocortisone treatment had a significant down-regulating effect on genes incoding IgT, IgM, CD4, CD8, IFN-γ, IL-8 and IL-22 in all groups. Immunohistochemistry, using monoclonal antibodies to detect cellular markers, demonstrated active involvement of CD8, MHC II, IgT and IgM positive cells in gill tissue. Putative T-cells (CD8 positive cells) were detected in the intraepithelial lymphoid tissue located at the base of gill filaments and in hyperplastic gill tissue but following infection a clear efflux of these cells was detected. MHC II positive cells were distributed across the gill filaments and accumulated in hyperplastic tissue but hydrocortisone treatment affected their density negatively in both immunized and non-immunized fish. IgT positive cells were present in the epithelial lining of the gill lamellae (suggesting a primary role of this protein in the mucosal defence against the ciliate) whereas IgM positive cells were found only in gill arterioles and the lamellar capillaries. The present work indicates an intensive activity and specialized function of immune cells (B-cells, T-cells and macrophages) and humoral elements such as immunoglobulins IgT and IgM which are orchestrated by cytokines in gill tissue reacting against I. multifiliis. |
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