Tree rings reveal long-term changes in growth resilience in Southern European riparian forests |
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| Institution: | 1. CEF – Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal;2. CFE – Centre for Functional Ecology – Science for People & the Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal;3. Ecofield, Monitorizações, Estudos e Projetos, LDA, Carcavelos, Portugal;1. Forest National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry “Marin Drăcea”, Research Station for Norway spruce Silviculture, Calea Bucovinei 73 bis, Câmpulung Moldovenesc, Romania;2. Department of Forest Management Planning and Geodesy, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 96053, Zvolen, Slovakia;3. National Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 22, 96092, Zvolen, Slovakia;4. Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EN, UK;5. Swiss Federal Research Institute, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland;6. CzechGlobe & Department of Geography, Masaryk University, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic;1. Institute of Geography, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Wetterkreuz 15, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;2. Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh;1. Department of Crop and Forest Sciences—AGROTECNIO Center, University of Lleida, Avda. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, E-25198 Lleida, Spain;2. Mathematical Methods and IT Department, Siberian Federal University, L. Prushinskoy St. 2, 660075 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;1. Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda Montañana 1005,E-50059 Zaragoza, Spain;2. Dept. d’Ecologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain;1. State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;2. Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, China;3. Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland;1. Depto. Ingeniería Forestal, Laboratorio de Dendrocronología, DendrodatLab- ERSAF, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Crta. IV, km. 396, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain;2. Depto. Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;3. Area de Tecnología, Poscosecha e Industria Agroalimentaria, Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Centro “Alameda del Obispo”, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, E-14004 Córdoba, Spain;4. Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), 50192 Zaragoza, Spain |
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| Abstract: | The gradual increase in temperature over the last few decades is one of the major consequences of global change. It is also projected that drought frequency and intensity in the Mediterranean region will increase, promoting changes in plant responses to environmental conditions and ultimately species distribution. Studying past growth trends can help understand future impacts of climate change on species-function and predict alterations in how species are distributed. This study sought to evaluate growth trends in riparian tree species to assess both their resistance and resilience responses to, and their complementary strategies in the face of, climatic and hydrological changes. Their supporting ecosystem role in riverine ecosystems and their representativeness in the study region led to the selection of the species Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. and Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl for this purpose.Yearly growth curves were obtained for coexisting A. glutinosa and F. angustifolia, sampled in 2009 in a riparian forest in a Southern Portuguese river basin. Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) was calculated to select drought events, identified as years of extreme and severe drought combined with adverse river discharge conditions. Temporal trends in Basal Area Increments (BAI) were explored for both species across 1970–2009, particularly during drought years. Tree growth response was associated with long-term SPEI, minimum temperature, rainfall and discharge.Both species presented an increase in BAI until the 1980s, apparently triggered by the rise in minimum temperatures, which lengthened the growing season. However, after the 80′s this trend in tree growth has been reversed due to the reduced precipitation associated with increased drought intensity. Similar tree growth responses to drought were observed in both species, but responses to extreme drought events were species-specific. Distinct long-term resilience trends between species suggest that under the current climate change scenario, mesic species (e.g. A. glutinosa) will gradually be replaced by more drought-tolerant species, such as F. angustifolia.Finally, further research should be undertaken to provide information on physiological and anatomical changes of riparian tree species in the Mediterranean region. |
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| Keywords: | Black alder Climate change Narrow-leaved ash Resistance Resilience |
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