Multicenter study of quantitative PET system harmonization using NIST-traceable 68Ge/68Ga cross-calibration kit |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Radiological Sciences, School of Health Science, International University of Health and Welfare, Tochigi, Japan;2. Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan;3. Department of Radiology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan;4. Department of Medical Technology, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan;5. Clinical Imaging Center for Healthcare, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan;6. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan;7. Department of Medical Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan;1. Grupo de Protecção e Segurança Radiológica, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), CTN/IST, Pólo de Loures. Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal;2. Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, Campus Universitário, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;3. Serviço de Medicina Nuclear, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Av. Brasília, 1400-038 Lisboa, Portugal;4. Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;1. Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Service de Recherche en Dosimétrie, Laboratoire de Dosimétrie des Rayonnements Ionisants, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France;2. Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Montbéliard, France;1. Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran;2. Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;3. Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA;4. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA;5. Electrical Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran;6. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;1. Medical Physics department, Teaching Hospitals Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I G M Lancisi G Salesi, Ancona, Italy;2. Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy;1. Radiation Safety and Medical Physics Department, University Clinical Centre Sarajevo, Bolnicka 25, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;2. Division of Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden;3. Dosimetry Laboratory, Dosimetry and Medical Radiation Physics Section, International Atomic Energy Agency, Friedenstrasse 1, Seibersdorf, Austria |
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| Abstract: | PurposeThe present study aimed to define the errors in SUV and demonstrate the feasibility of SUV harmonization among contemporary PET/CT scanners using a novel National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)-traceable 68Ge/68Ga source as the reference standard.MethodsWe used 68Ge/68Ga dose calibrator and PET sources made with same batch of 68Ge/68Ga embedded in epoxy that is traceable to the NIST standard. Bias in the amount of radioactivity and the radioactive concentrations measured by the dose calibrators and PET/CT scanners, respectively, was determined at five Japanese sites. We adjusted optimal dial setting of the dose calibrators and PET reconstruction parameters to close the actual amount of radioactivity and the radioactive concentration, respectively, of the NIST-traceable 68Ge/68Ga sources to harmonize SUV. Errors in SUV before and after harmonization were then calculated at each site.ResultsThe average bias in the amount of radioactivity and the radioactive concentrations measured by dose calibrator and PET scanner was −4.94% and −12.22%, respectively, before, and −0.14% and −4.81%, respectively, after harmonization. Corresponding averaged errors in SUV measured under clinical conditions were underestimated by 7.66%, but improved by −4.70% under optimal conditions.ConclusionOur proposed method using an NIST-traceable 68Ge/68Ga source identified bias in values obtained using dose calibrators and PET scanners, and reduced SUV variability to within 5% across different models of PET scanners at five sites. Our protocol using a standard source has considerable potential for harmonizing the SUV when contemporary PET scanners are involved in multicenter studies. |
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| Keywords: | NIST SUV PET/CT MAP-EM Harmonization Standardization |
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