Skin models and their impact on mean glandular dose in mammography |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden;2. Department of Radiation Physics, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden;3. Department of Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden;4. Department of Oncology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden;1. European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, ID17 Grenoble, France;2. Rostov Eye Clinic “InterYUNA”, Rostov-on-Don, Russia;3. Rostov State Medical University, Central Scientific Research Laboratory, Rostov-on-Don, Russia;4. Istovet, Laboratorio di Analisi Istopatologiche Veterinarie e Servizi per la Ricerca Scientifica, Besana Brianza, Italy;1. Department of Radiation Convergence Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea;2. Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea;3. Department of Radiation Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States;1. Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada;2. The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medical Physics, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada;1. Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China;2. Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;3. Orbital Debris Program Office, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA;4. Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;5. Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA |
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| Abstract: | PurposeTo quantify the influence of different skin models on mammographic breast dosimetry, based on dosimetric protocols and recent breast skin thickness findings.MethodsBy using an adapted PENELOPE (v. 2014) + PenEasy (v. 2015) Monte Carlo (MC) code, simulations were performed in order to obtain the mean glandular dose (MGD), the normalized MGD by incident air Kerma (DgN), and the glandular depth dose (GDD(z)). The geometry was based on a cranio-caudal mammographic examination. Monoenergetic and polyenergetic beams were implemented, for a breast thickness from 2 cm to 9 cm, with different compositions. Seven skin models were used: a 5 mm adipose layer; a skin layer ranging from 5 mm to 1.45 mm, a 1.45 mm skin thickness with a subcutaneous adipose layer of 2 mm and 3.55 mm.ResultsThe differences, for monoenergetic beams, are higher (up to 200%) for lower energies (8 keV), thicker and low glandular content breasts, decreasing to less than 5% at 40 keV. Without a skin layer, the differences reach a maximum of 1240%. The relative difference in DgN values for 1.45 mm skin and 5 mm adipose layers and polyenergetic beams varies from −14% to 12%.ConclusionsThe implemented MC code is suitable for mammography dosimetry calculations. The skin models have major impacts on MGD values, and the results complement previous literature findings. The current protocols should be updated to include a more realistic skin model, which provides a reliable breast dose estimation. |
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| Keywords: | Monte Carlo Mammography Dosimetry Skin model |
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