Predators,parasitoids and pathogens of ticks: A review |
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Authors: | Esther N Mwangi Olusegun O Dipeolu Robin M Newson Godwin P Kaaya Shwagi M Hassan |
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Institution: | The International Centre of Inxssect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) , PO Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya |
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Abstract: | Research conducted on natural enemies of ticks, namely predators, parasitoids and pathogens, is reviewed. Predators include ants, birds, rodents, lizards, shrews, spiders and domestic chickens. All the known parasitoids are hymenopteran wasps belonging to the genera Ixodiphagus and Hunterellus. The work so far done on bacteria, fungi, viruses and rickettsiae which are pathogenic to ticks is reviewed, both with regard to experimental infections and natural infections. The possibilities of using natural enemies as biological control agents of ticks are discussed. |
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Keywords: | ticks predators parasitoids pathogens biological control |
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