Single-copy nuclear genes resolve the phylogeny of the holometabolous insects |
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Authors: | Brian M Wiegmann Michelle D Trautwein Jung-Wook Kim Brian K Cassel Matthew A Bertone Shaun L Winterton David K Yeates |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA;(2) School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia;(3) Commonwealth Scientific and Research Organization – Entomology, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia |
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Abstract: | Background Evolutionary relationships among the 11 extant orders of insects that undergo complete metamorphosis, called Holometabola,
remain either unresolved or contentious, but are extremely important as a context for accurate comparative biology of insect
model organisms. The most phylogenetically enigmatic holometabolan insects are Strepsiptera or twisted wing parasites, whose
evolutionary relationship to any other insect order is unconfirmed. They have been controversially proposed as the closest
relatives of the flies, based on rDNA, and a possible homeotic transformation in the common ancestor of both groups that would
make the reduced forewings of Strepsiptera homologous to the reduced hindwings of Diptera. Here we present evidence from nucleotide
sequences of six single-copy nuclear protein coding genes used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships and estimate evolutionary
divergence times for all holometabolan orders. |
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