贵州省生态游憩空间时空演化特征及其驱动因素

生态游憩空间是生态文明建设和大众游憩权利普及的重要载体，是提升城乡居民生活质量和幸福感的重要场域。基于贵州省1982-2020年908处生态游憩空间样本数据，采用Google Earth批量获取生态游憩空间地理坐标，并使用ArcGIS 10.2对其进行空间数字化处理，采用热点分析工具识别其冷热点区的空间分布和演化特征，利用地理探测器测算主要驱动因子对生态游憩空间时空演化的解释力。研究发现：1）在时间演化上，生态游憩空间数量持续快速增长，面积全域扩展，数量由1982年的5处增加到2020年的908处，面积由0.05万km²演变为3.7万km²。2）在数量空间演化上，从极化分布转向均衡发展，分布方向始终呈东北-西南走向。3）在密度空间演化上，空间集聚随时序发生明显变化，贵阳市区始终是集聚高地，遵义市区最终成长为热点区。4）在驱动因素方面，自然环境要素对生态游憩空间时空演化具有基础约束效应，产业经济因素是其时空演化的内在驱动力，社会政策因素是其时空演化的外在推力。旅游收入占国内生产总值比重、建成区面积、相关政策和平均海拔是生态游憩空间数量时空演化的控制性驱动因子，而第三产业比重、农村居民可支配收入和固定资产投资是其密度时空演化的控制性驱动因子，生态游憩空间时空格局是多因素长期交互作用的结果。未来，贵州省生态游憩空间建设与发展应根据其分布特征及演化规律，通过科学规划、合理布局和城乡统筹发展，有序推进生态游憩空间的增量扩展和存量更新，有效破解生态游憩空间供给不平衡不充分的问题。同时，不断提升主导因子的驱动能力，促进城乡生态游憩空间供需协调耦合发展，逐步实现生态游憩空间的社会公平。

Spatiotemporal evolution and driving forces of the ecological recreation space in Guizhou Province

Ecological recreation space (ERS) is an important carrier for construction of ecological civilization and popularization of public recreational rights. It is also an important field to improve the quality of life and well-being of people. Based on the 908 ERSs of Guizhou in 1982-2020 as the sample, it obtains batch the ERSs geographical coordinates by Google Earth and digital processing with ArcGIS 10.2 in the article, and to identify hot-cold spatial distribution and evolution by Hot-spot analysis tool. All the data were used to research the explanatory power of main driving factors for spatiotemporal evolution of ERS by Geodetector. The results showed that:(1) the ERSs'' number has continued to grow rapidly in terms of time evolution, and the area has expanded throughout the region. The number of ERSs had increased from 5 in 1982 to 908 in 2020, and the area has been evolved from 500 km² to 37000 km². (2) It shifted from polarization distribution to balance development in terms of the spatial evolution of the quantity, and the distribution direction was always northeast-southwest. (3) The spatial agglomeration changed significantly with time in terms of density spatial evolution. The urban area of Guiyang is always a gathering highland, and the urban area of Zunyi eventually evolved into hotspot. (4) All the evolution of ERSs had been influenced by several factors. The natural environment had the fundamentally restraining effect for spatiotemporal evolution, the industrial economy was the internal driving force, and the social policy was the external thrust. Tourism revenue represent of GDP, built-up area, related policies and average altitude were the controlling drivers of spatiotemporal evolution of the ERSs'' number. While proportion of tertiary industry, disposable income of rural residents and fixed asset investment were the controlling drivers of the spatiotemporal evolution of its density, and the spatiotemporal pattern of ERS was the result of the long-term interaction of multiple factors. According to this research, the construction and development of Guizhou province''s ERS should be incremental extension and stock update by scientific planning and reasonable layout and balanced development of urban-rural areas in the future, to solve the imbalanced and inadequate of ERS''s supply effectively. At the same times, it''s important to strengthen the driving ability of dominant factor to promote the coordinative development of urban-rural ERS''s supply and demand, and to achieve social equity gradually. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the construction of ecological civilization and high-quality development of ERS in Guizhou and its surrounding areas.