The effective mutation rate at Y chromosome short tandem repeats, with application to human population-divergence time |
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| Authors: | Zhivotovsky Lev A Underhill Peter A Cinnio?lu Cengiz Kayser Manfred Morar Bharti Kivisild Toomas Scozzari Rosaria Cruciani Fulvio Destro-Bisol Giovanni Spedini Gabriella Chambers Geoffrey K Herrera Rene J Yong Kiau Kiun Gresham David Tournev Ivailo Feldman Marcus W Kalaydjieva Luba |
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| Institution: | N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. lev@zhivotovsky.net |
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| Abstract: | We estimate an effective mutation rate at an average Y chromosome short-tandem repeat locus as 6.9x10-4 per 25 years, with a standard deviation across loci of 5.7x10-4, using data on microsatellite variation within Y chromosome haplogroups defined by unique-event polymorphisms in populations with documented short-term histories, as well as comparative data on worldwide populations at both the Y chromosome and various autosomal loci. This value is used to estimate the times of the African Bantu expansion, the divergence of Polynesian populations (the Maoris, Cook Islanders, and Samoans), and the origin of Gypsy populations from Bulgaria. |
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