污染水域鲫鱼外周血细胞形态和数量的变化

为探讨污染环境对鱼类外周血细胞形态及数量的影响,本研究选择相对无污染的刘家峡水库和污染较严重的黄河白银段为研究地点,以鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)为研究对象,常规方法制血涂片,Giemsa染色,统计红细胞微核率、核异常率和各类血细胞数量,并用带有数码采集头(Motic B5 Professional Series)的显微镜拍照各类细胞。结果表明,与刘家峡水库相比,黄河白银段鲫鱼红细胞数量显著减少(P<0·05),核异常率(P<0·05)和微核率(P<0·01)显著增加;白细胞总数和淋巴细胞数量显著增加(P<0·05),而嗜中性粒细胞(P<0·01)和血栓细胞(P<0·05)数量显著减少,单核细胞数量虽有减少趋势但两地差异不显著(P>0·05)。表明黄河白银段污染对鲫鱼外周血细胞数量及红细胞微核率和核异常率具有显著的影响。

Changes in Morphology and Quantity of Peripheral Blood Cells in Carassius auratus Collected from Polluted Water Area

To study the influence of contaminated environment on the morphology and quantity of peripheral blood cells in Carassius auratus,the fishes were sampled from two different areas:Reservoir Liujiaxia (RL),a relatively unpolluted area,as a control site; Baiyin Section of the Yellow River (BSYR),a heavier polluted area compared to RL.Blood smears were prepared by normal method and stained with Giemsa.The erythrocyte micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities and the blood cells were counted and the cells were photographed by the microscope with Motic B5 Professional Series.The results showed that the number of erythrocytes was significantly lower (P<0.05) while the numbers of erythrocyte micronuclei (P<0.01) and nuclear abnormalities (P<0.05) were significantly higher in BSYR than that in RL; Total numbers of leucocytes (P<0.05) and lymphocytes (P<0.05) increased significantly,while the total numbers of thrombocytes (P<0.05) and neutrophils (P<0.01) decreased obviously in BSYR compared to those in RL; Monocytes had a tendency to decrease in BSYR but the difference did not reach a significant level (P>0.05) between the two sampling sites.The results suggest that the environmental contamination in BSYR has been causing obvious alterations in the numbers of peripheral blood cells,the frequencies of erythrocyte micronuclei,and nuclear abnormalities in C.auratus.