Autologous Antibody Capture to Enrich Immunogenic Viruses for Viral Discovery |
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Authors: | Bas B. Oude Munnink Seyed Mohammad Jazaeri Farsani Martin Deijs Jiri Jonkers Joost T. P. Verhoeven Margareta Ieven Herman Goossens Menno D. de Jong Ben Berkhout Katherine Loens Paul Kellam Margreet Bakker Marta Canuti Matthew Cotten Lia van der Hoek |
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Affiliation: | 1. Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; 2. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; 3. Department of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.; 4. Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom.; Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Switzerland, |
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Abstract: | Discovery of new viruses has been boosted by novel deep sequencing technologies. Currently, many viruses can be identified by sequencing without knowledge of the pathogenicity of the virus. However, attributing the presence of a virus in patient material to a disease in the patient can be a challenge. One approach to meet this challenge is identification of viral sequences based on enrichment by autologous patient antibody capture. This method facilitates identification of viruses that have provoked an immune response within the patient and may increase the sensitivity of the current virus discovery techniques. To demonstrate the utility of this method, virus discovery deep sequencing (VIDISCA-454) was performed on clinical samples from 19 patients: 13 with a known respiratory viral infection and 6 with a known gastrointestinal viral infection. Patient sera was collected from one to several months after the acute infection phase. Input and antibody capture material was sequenced and enrichment was assessed. In 18 of the 19 patients, viral reads from immunogenic viruses were enriched by antibody capture (ranging between 1.5x to 343x in respiratory material, and 1.4x to 53x in stool). Enriched reads were also determined in an identity independent manner by using a novel algorithm Xcompare. In 16 of the 19 patients, 21% to 100% of the enriched reads were derived from infecting viruses. In conclusion, the technique provides a novel approach to specifically identify immunogenic viral sequences among the bulk of sequences which are usually encountered during virus discovery metagenomics. |
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