自然保护区生态安全设计的方法研究

由于生态破坏和自然栖息地的丧失，造成野生动植物种群的破碎化．自然保护区已成为孤立的生境岛屿，目前以单个、孤立保护区为主的生物多样性保护模式是远远不够的，应在广泛的时空尺度上保护生态过程和生物多样性各组成成份，建立一个整体的保护网络．根据国内外生物多样性保护的要求和发展趋势，提出了自然保护区生态安全设计的概念，它是综合考虑了生态、社会、经济的一种协调设计战略，首先从区域层次研究保护区网络的优化设计；其次，在网络的每个节点(保护区)，研究保护区的面积、形状和内部功能分区；最后，研究网络与节点的连接(廊道)．自然保护区网络设计应维持生态系统的地域完整性和生态过程完整性，采用迭代法、整数规划方法和地理途径方法，为一个或多个保护目标勾画出多种保护规划蓝图。

On the methods of ecological security design for nature reserves

Ecological damage and loss of natural habitats have been resulting in the fragmentation of wild animal and plant population,and nature reserves have become the islands of habitats.The traditional approach that focuses on a single and isolated nature reserve is not enough to protect biodiversity.Ecological processes and components of biodiversity in broad temporal and spatial scope should be protected,and a whole conservation network should be established.Based on the requirements and the trends of biodiversity conservation at home and abroad,this paper presented the concept of ecological security design for nature reserves,which is a coordinated planning strategy that integrates ecological,social and economic aspects.Firstly,a network of nature reserves is designed at regional level;secondly,the area,shape,internal zoning of a nature reserve is designed at the node (nature reserve) of the network;and finally,the connectivity between the network and nodes (corridors) is designed.Network design of nature reserves should maintain the regional integrity and the ecological process integrity of ecosystems.Iterative method,integer linear programming,and Geographic Approach (GAP) should be employed to provide blueprints of conservation planning for one or multiple conservation objectives.