HIV-1 evolution under pressure of protease inhibitors: Climbing the stairs of viral fitness |
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| Authors: | Ben Berkhout |
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| Affiliation: | (1) Department of Human Retrovirology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 15, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) has evolved into a viral quasispecies with a high replication capacity or fitness. Antiretroviral drugs potently inhibit replication of the wild-type virus, but HIV-1 responds by selection of drug-resistant variants. Here we review, in brief, the evolution of resistance to protease inhibitors that is characterized by severe fitness losses and an abundance of subsequent repair strategies. The possibility to restrict HIV-1 fitness is discussed in relation to the control of HIV-1 pathogenesis. |
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| Keywords: | Human immunodeficiency virus Protease inhibitors Drug resistance Virus evolution Viral fitness Second-site suppressor Translational frameshift Gag-Pol protein processing |
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