Bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) inhibits the activity of PTP1B in Zucker rat skeletal muscle in vivo

Cyclic GMP plays a key role in retinal phototransduction and its photoreceptor concentration is precisely controlled by the cooperative action of cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) and retinal guanylyl cyclase (retGC). However, studies of the relationship between these two systems have focused only on a Ca²⁺-mediated, indirect connection. This article summarizes our studies strongly suggesting that RGS9-1 is directly involved in the cooperative action of PDE and retGC, and that this ingenious mechanism plays an important role in tuning of cGMP concentration in photoreceptors.