Modeling effects of urban heat island mitigation strategies on heat-related morbidity: a case study for Phoenix, Arizona, USA |
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Authors: | Humberto R Silva Patrick E Phelan Jay S Golden |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA;(2) National Center of Excellence on SMART Innovations, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA;(3) School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 875502, 800 South Cady Mall Room # 356, Tempe, AZ 85287-5502, USA; |
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Abstract: | A zero-dimensional energy balance model was previously developed to serve as a user-friendly mitigation tool for practitioners
seeking to study the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Accordingly, this established model is applied here to show the relative
effects of four common mitigation strategies: increasing the overall (1) emissivity, (2) percentage of vegetated area, (3)
thermal conductivity, and (4) albedo of the urban environment in a series of percentage increases by 5, 10, 15, and 20% from
baseline values. In addition to modeling mitigation strategies, we present how the model can be utilized to evaluate human
health vulnerability from excessive heat-related events, based on heat-related emergency service data from 2002 to 2006. The
24-h average heat index is shown to have the greatest correlation to heat-related emergency calls in the Phoenix (Arizona,
USA) metropolitan region. The four modeled UHI mitigation strategies, taken in combination, would lead to a 48% reduction
in annual heat-related emergency service calls, where increasing the albedo is the single most effective UHI mitigation strategy. |
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