Alkenyl sex pheromone analogs in the hemolymph of an arctiid Eilema japonica and several non-arctiid moths |
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| Institution: | 1. Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;2. College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;1. Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507, 161 06 Prague 6 – Ruzyne, Czech Republic;2. School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Centro Ricerche Floristiche dell''Appennino, San Colombo, Barisciano, Italy;3. Université Côte d''Azur, INRA, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000 Nice, France;4. Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy;5. School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy;1. Université Côte d’Azur, INRAE, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000 Nice, France;2. Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100097, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas/College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R. China;2. Department of Plant Protection, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, P.R. China;3. College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030800, P.R. China |
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| Abstract: | The majority of moth species utilize compounds derived from de novo synthesized fatty acids as their sex pheromones (type I). In contrast, species belonging to two recently diverged moth families, Arctiidae and Geometridae, utilize alkenes and their epoxides, which are derived from dietary essential fatty acids (EFAs), as their sex pheromones (type II). In the latter species, EFAs are considered to be converted into alkenes, often after chain elongation, in specialized cells called oenocytes. These alkenes are transported through the hemolymph to the pheromone gland, from which they are secreted with or without further modifications. We confirmed that the appearance of EFA-derived alkenes in the hemolymph was closely associated with the completion of pheromone gland formation in an arctiid moth Eilema japonica. Analyses of the hemolymph of several moth species utilizing type-I sex pheromones demonstrated the occurrence of (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-tricosatriene (T23), a typical type-II component, in the hemolymph of a noctuid Mamestra brassicae and two crambids Ostrinia furnacalis and Ostrinia scapulalis. Our results demonstrated that moths utilizing type-I pheromones have the ability to synthesize type-II sex pheromones, and suggested that recently diverged groups of moths may have secondarily exploited EFA-derived alkenes as sex pheromones. |
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| Keywords: | Type-I and type-II sex pheromones Hemolymph |
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