人参的遗传改良*

遗传改良是人参育种的重要手段之一，而遗传转化和再生体系的建立是开展人参遗传改良工作的前提和基础。人参植株再生可以通过器官发生和体细胞胚发生，间接体细胞胚发生是人参植株再生的主要途径，从不同外植体，不同碳源，体细胞胚优化和无激素再生等方面进行了综述。在人参遗传转化方面，发根农杆菌和根癌农杆菌对人参的遗传转化均已成功，人参皂苷合成途径中的关键酶基因和抗除草剂基因也已陆续导入人参，得到了遗传改良的转化人参。发根培养系统可用于大量生产人参皂苷，讨论了rolC基因对人参发根诱导的作用，发根植株再生能力及生物反应器培养，最后指出了人参基因工程研究中存在的问题。

Advances in Genetic Transformation of Panax Ginseng

Genetic engineering is a powerful tool in Panax ginseng breeding. Genetic transformation and plant regeneration are the premise and foundation involved in genetic engineering of Panax ginseng. Ginseng can be regenerated through organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis and indirect somatic embryogenesis is mainly used for its regeneration.Summurized the factors influencing plant regeneration such as different explants, different carbohydrates, somatic embryo optimization and hormone-free approach.Ginseng transformation has been achieved by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium rhizogenes and transgenic ginseng with good characters was obtained by introducing genes associated with biosynthesis of ginsenosides or herbicide gene. Hairy root culture system can supply large scale of ginsenosides,thus effect of rolC genes on ginseng hairy root induction, regeneration and bioreactor culture of hairy root were discussed. Additionally, problems that are present in genetic engineering of Panax ginseng were also discussed in this review.