丹江口库区大土包子旧石器遗址发掘简报

大土包子遗址位于汉水上游的丹江口库区。遗址发掘出土标本58件,类型包括石核、石片、断块和工具等。原料主要来自附近河滩砾石,以石英为主,附以石英岩、千枚岩和粗面岩。石核多以砾石面或先前剥片片疤为台面进行单向、多向和向心剥片。工具包含以砍砸器、手斧为代表的大型工具制作体系,以及以刮削器、凹缺器为代表的小型工具制作体系,两者原料选择不同,前者以千枚岩为原料,后者主要采用石英原料。对比分析显示,大土包子遗址与区域内汉水第三级阶地其他遗址均存在出土石制品数量少、分布密度低的现象,可能指示遗址间的同质性以及古人类高频流动性等信息。这一现象在年代较晚的第二级阶地遗址中仍然存在,这一方面暗示了古人类行为的连续性与稳定性,另一方面也反映了技术革新与行为可塑性的缺乏。该遗址年代初步推断属于中更新世早中期。

A preliminary report on the excavation of the Datubaozi Paleolithic site in the Danjiangkou Reservoir Region

The Datubaozi site, located within the Danjiangkou Reservoir Region (DRR) of the Hanshui River, contains a small lithic assemblage of 58 artifacts that comprises cores, flakes, chunks and retouched formal tools. These artifacts are produced on a range of raw materials, sourced from nearby river gravels, and quartz is most favored followed thereafter by small proportions of quartzite, phyllite and trachyte. Clear strategies are employed in both reduction of cores and production of formal tools. For the former, cores illustrate a mix of reduction strategies evidenced by an array of unidirectionally, multi-directionally and discoidally flaked pieces, and for the latter, formal tools show two distinct production techniques that give rise to a clear size differential based on raw material selection. The first technique is characterized by the production of large tools on phyllite, such as chopper and handaxe, whereas the second is characterized by the production of small tools on quartz, such as scraper and notch.