稻田生态系统多个物种共存对病虫草害的控制

建立多个物种共存的农作模式、利用物种多样性控制有害生物是农业可持续发展的重要途径.本文综述了国内外稻田物种多样性利用模式的研究进展，论述了稻田多个物种共存对水稻病、虫、草的控制效果及作用机理.稻田系统多个物种共存模式如稻田养鱼模式、稻田养鸭模式、稻-萍-鱼或稻-萍-鸭模式等，对水稻纹枯病、稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟和杂草有显著的控制作用；稻田系统多个物种共存的另一类模式如水稻品种多样性混合种植、稻-茭白间作和稻-湿生作物间作等，可明显降低稻瘟病等病害的发生与流行.稻田多个物种共存模式对病虫草控制的效果和机理研究仍需要从作物、分子生物学和化学生态等方面做进一步的研究探讨.

Controlling effects of multiple species coexistence on rice diseases, pests and weeds in paddy field ecosystem.

Establishing a species-diversified cropping system to control crop diseases,insect pests and weeds is an important approach to sustainable agricultural development.This paper reviewed the researches on paddy field species-diversified cropping systems at home and abroad,and discussed the controlling effects and mechanisms of multiple species coexistence on rice diseases,pests and weeds control.The multiple species coexistence models such as rice-fish,rice-duck,rice-azolla-fish and rice-azolla-duck had effective controlling effects on Thanatephorus cucumeris(Frank) Donk,Nilaparata lugens Stal,Chaphalocrocis medinalis Gueneeand,and weeds.Other models like intercropping rice with Zizania caduciflora L.and with other wetland crops also had effective effects in controlling the occurrence and spread of Pyricularia grisea.It was suggested that further studies should be strengthened from the viewpoints of crop culture, molecular biology,and chemical ecology.