Immature stages of Hipparchia Fabricius and the systematics of the 'Satyrus series>> (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)

Abstract. Characters of potential use from the eggs and larvae of four species of Hipparchia (subgenera Hipparchia, Parahipparchia, Neohipparchia and Pseudotergumia ) are described. These characters, together with previously published information on larval, pupal and adult morphology, are used to construct a seventy-one character matrix for Hipparchia and four other genera of the 'Satyrus series' (Miller, 1968): Arethusana, Kanetisa, Chazara and Satyrus . The cladistic relationships among these genera and the relative contribution of adult and immature data sets are discussed. A list of possible synapomorphies of the immature stages of the 'Satyrus series' is proposed.