Solvent and solid-phase extraction of natural and synthetic anabolic steroids in human urine |
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| Authors: | R Gonzalo-Lumbreras D Pimentel-Trapero R Izqierdo-Hornillos |
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| Institution: | 1. Laboratory Medical Optical and Mass Spectrometry, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushanhu Rd., Hefei 230031, China;2. Laboratory of Environmental Spectroscopy, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushanhu Rd., Hefei 230031, China;3. School of Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;1. Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;2. ISC-Science, Innovative Solutions in Chemistry, S.L. Edificio Científico-Tecnológico Campus de “El Cristo”, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;1. State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;2. Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China;1. Mass Spectrometry Center for Structural Identification of Biological Molecules and Precision Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education of China, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, PR China;2. College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 West Huangjia Lake Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, PR China;1. Department of Industrial Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China;2. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300193, China;3. Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China;4. Tianjin Center for New Drug Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmaceutics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300193, China |
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| Abstract: | Liquid–liquid (using dichloromethane) and liquid–solid extraction processes (using disposable C18 cartridges) were applied to human urine samples spiked with 15 androgenic anabolic steroids (natural and synthetic). The extraction recoveries were assessed from different HPLC separations of anabolic steroids using water–acetonitrile mobile phase, and using calibration graphs obtained by injection into HPLC of standard samples of these compounds before and after extraction. The procedures, including sample preconcentration, showed extraction efficiencies over 90% which were independent on a wide range of concentrations tested. Solid phase extraction yielded poor results for oximetolone, danazol and dehydroepiandrosterone. For real urine samples, hydrolysis using β-glucuronidase and washing using sodium hydroxide before and after solvent extraction, respectively, is recommended. |
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