猪链球菌分子流行病学研究方法

猪链球菌（Streptococcus suis）是猪重要的细菌性病原，它可以导致猪的脑膜炎、败血症和关节炎等症状，给养猪业带来严重经济损失；同时该菌还可感染人，是一种人畜共患病原菌。应用分子流行病学方法，阐明猪链球菌病的流行病学特征，明确其毒力分型、时空分布、传播途径、传染源，确定传播的遗传决定因素等，将有助于猪链球菌病的防控。目前常用的分子流行病学方法主要有多位点序列分型、脉冲场凝胶电泳、全基因组测序和基于PCR的方法等。本文介绍了上述方法的原理以及在猪链球菌流行病学中的应用，并分析这几种方法的优缺点，从而为更好地揭示猪链球菌流行病学特征、制定猪链球菌病的防控策略提供参考。

Molecular epidemiological methods of Streptococcus suis

Streptococcus suis is an important bacterial pathogen for pigs. It can cause meningitis, sepsis and arthritis in pigs, leading to severe economic losses to the pig industry. In addition, S. suis can also infect humans and is considered a zoonotic pathogen. In order to better prevent and control the disease caused by S. suis, it is necessary to use molecular epidemiological methods to elucidate the epidemiological characteristics of S. suis, including virulence typing, temporal and spatial distribution, transmission route, source of infection, and genetic determinants of transmission. At present, there are several commonly used methods including multilocus sequence typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, whole genome sequencing, and PCR-based methods. This article introduces the principles of the above-mentioned methods and the application examples in the epidemiology of S. suis, and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages, which contributes to better revealing the epidemiological characteristics of S. suis, and providing a reference for formulating prevention and control strategies for the disease caused by S. suis.