固定化糖苷酶在糖苷类化合物合成中的应用

糖苷类化合物在医药、食品、表面活性剂和化妆品等领域应用广泛，通过糖苷酶催化糖苷类化合物合成具有原料成本低、反应条件温和等优点。糖苷酶催化过程可分为逆水解反应和转糖苷反应两大类，但反应体系中的水会限制反应的进行，而适当降低体系中的水活度可以有效提高糖苷酶的催化效率。但游离的糖苷酶在低水活度时容易失活，限制了糖苷酶在低水环境下的应用。固定化酶技术通过载体和酶的相互结合能够有效提高酶结构的稳定性，使得糖苷酶能够在低水环境下甚至有机溶剂体系中保持酶活，从而实现糖苷酶在低水活度环境下的应用，提升糖苷合成效率。从糖苷酶催化性质出发，文中归纳了近30年来糖苷酶固定化的相关研究，其中包括单一或综合的固定化技术，以及近些年发展的结合基因工程的固定化技术，为糖苷酶的固定化及糖苷合成提供了可借鉴的思路和方法。

Application of immobilized glycosidase in the synthesis of glycoside compounds

Glycoside compounds are widely used in medicine, food, surfactant, and cosmetics. The glycosidase-catalyzed synthesis of glycoside can be operated at mild reaction conditions with low material cost. The glycosidase-catalyzed processes include reverse hydrolysis and transglycosylation, appropriately reducing the water activity in both processes may effectively improve the catalytic efficiency of glucosidase. However, glucosidase is prone to be deactivated at low water activity. Thus, glucosidase was immobilized to maintain its activity in the low water activity environment, and even in neat organic solvent system. This article summarizes the advances in glycosidase immobilization in the past 30 years, including single or comprehensive immobilization techniques, and immobilization techniques combined with genetic engineering, with the aim to provide a reference for the synthesis of glycosides using immobilized glycosidases.