带岭地区马鹿冬季对生境的选择性

本文研究马鹿冬季对生境的选择性,选择了10类与马鹿生存有关的生态因子(植被型、食物、雪深、隐蔽条件、坡向、坡位、坡度、水源、人为干扰、海拔)。根据这些生态因子的调查数据按一定要求分级,并转变为数量化方法来研究。经数量化理论Ⅰ的公式运算得出预测方程。筛选出影响马鹿选择生境的主要生态因子是植被型、坡向、雪深和人为干扰。用数量化理论Ⅱ分析,认为人工杨树幼林、天然杨桦幼林、阳坡、雪深25厘米、离人为干扰1000米以外是马鹿适宜生境。另外还调查了马鹿的卧迹,从直观上分析马鹿冬季选择卧地的生态条件。

SELECTION OF WINTER HABITAT OF RED DEER IN DAILING REGION

The selection of winter habitat by red deer (Cervus elaphus) was studied in Dailing Region, Heilongjiang Province from January, 1984 to January, 1985. Ten ecological factors (Vegetation type, snow depth, food availability, cover density, aspect of slope, slope position, slope, source of water, human disturbance, elevation) were selected. By quantification theory Ⅰ and Ⅱ, habitat selection of red deer was analysed. According to the investigation of bedding marks of red deer in the field, the preferable site of red deer for bedding was pointed out.The data analysis from field observations provided following conclusions:1. Among the 10 ecological factors as mentioned above, the main factors which exerted notable influence on selection of winter habitat were vegetation type, aspect of slope, snow depth and human disturbance.2. Snow depth over 40 cm was a tolerance limit of habitat selection for red deer.3. Red deer inclined to select natural poplar-birch young growth and artificial poplar young growth to be their habitats.4. Red deer preferred to bed on the sunny and half sunny slopes.5. Human disturbance within 500 meters had a strong impact on activity and inhabitation of animals.6. The spruce stand and natural poplar-birch young growth on the sunny and half sunny hillside, snow depth less than 25cm, gentle slope(<10°), and the distance more than 1000 meters away from human disturbance were preferable site for bedding.