Insulin-Regulated Adenylyl Cyclase Signaling System in Rat Skeletal Muscles under Conditions of in vivo Insulin Administration and of Insulin Insufficiency Produced by Streptozotocin Diabetes |
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Authors: | L A Kuznetsova S A Plesneva A O Shpakov V M Bondareva M N Pertseva |
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Institution: | (1) Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia |
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Abstract: | Possibility of the appearance of functional defects in the adenylyl cyclase (AC) signaling mechanism (ACSM) of insulin action, which was discovered by the authors earlier 1–3], is studied in skeletal muscles of rats with acute insulin insufficiency produced by streptozotocin diabetes (24 h). This ACSM includes the signaling chain: receptor-tyrosine kinase Gi-protein phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase protein kinase C-zeta Gs-protein adenylyl cyclase protein kinase A. At comparative evaluation of the functional state of individual molecular blocks of ACSM and the entire mechanism as a whole in skeletal muscles of diabetic rats in comparison with control animals, the following facts have been revealed: (1) an increase of the AC basal activity and a decrease of effects of non-hormonal activators of AC (guanine nucleotides, NaF, forskolin) ; (2) reduction of reactivity of the whole ACSM to insulin (10–8 M, in vitro) and to combined action of the hormone and GIDP (10–6 M) ; (3) a decrease of the activating action of insulin on key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism—glycogen synthase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDG). It is concluded that insulin insufficiency leads to several disturbances in the insulin ACSM: at the level of its catalytic component—AC, Gs protein and its coupling with AC, as well as to a decrease of regulatory metabolic effects of the hormone. These data indicate a decrease of sensitivity of skeletal muscles of diabetic rats to insulin and an involvement of this hormone in maintenance of functionally active status of the ACSM of insulin signal transduction. |
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