An overview on the recent advances in the transesterification of vegetable oils for biodiesel production using chemical and biocatalysts |
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Authors: | Devanesan Ganesan Aravindan Rajendran Viruthagiri Thangavelu |
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Institution: | (1) Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608 002, India; |
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Abstract: | Biodiesel, chemically defined as monoalkyl esters of long chain fatty acids, are derived from renewable feed stocks like vegetable
oils and animal fats. It is produced by both batch and continuous transesterification processes in which, oil or fat is reacted
with a monohydric alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. The conventional method of producing biodiesel involves acid and
base catalysts to form fatty acid alkyl esters. Downstream processing costs and environmental problems associated with biodiesel
production and byproducts recovery have led to the search for alternative production methods and alternative substrates. Enzymatic
reactions involving lipases can be an excellent alternative to produce biodiesel through a process commonly referred to as
alcoholysis, a form of transesterification reaction or through an interesterification reaction. In order to increase the cost
effectiveness of the process, the enzymes are immobilized using a suitable matrix. The use of immobilized lipases and whole
cells may lower the overall cost, while presenting less downstream processing problems. Main focus of this paper is to discuss
the important parameters that affect the biodiesel yield, various immobilization techniques employed, mechanisms and kinetics
of transesterification reaction and the recent advances in continuous transesterification processes. |
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