Incorporating molecular tools into routine HAB monitoring programs: Using qPCR to track invasive Prymnesium |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Laboratoire des Sciences de l''Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER – Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d''Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France;2. School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;3. Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l''Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer, 29280 Plouzané, France;1. Risk Assessment Research Center, KIOST (Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology), Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Oceanography and Ocean Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea;3. Marine Environmental and Climate Research Division, KIOST (Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology), Busan 49111, Republic of Korea;1. CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;2. Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China;4. Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;5. Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, BC, Canada;1. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, United States of America;2. Michigan Tech Research Institute (MTRI), Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States of America;3. St. Mary''s University, San Antonio, TX 78228, United States of America |
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| Abstract: | Microscopy, a staple of monitoring programs for tracking the occurrence and abundance of harmful algal bloom (HAB) species, is time consuming and often characterized by high uncertainty. Alternate methods that allow rapid and accurate assessment of presence and abundance of HAB species are needed. For many HAB species, such as the toxigenic haptophyte, Prymnesium parvum, molecular methods including quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) have been developed with the suggestion that they should be useful for monitoring programs. However, this suggestion rarely has been put into action. In this study, we modified a recently developed method for detecting P. parvum using qPCR and tested its efficacy as an alternative to microscopy for P. parvum detection and enumeration in a long-term monitoring program in a recently invaded subtropical US reservoir. Abundance estimates of P. parvum were similar for both methods, but we detected P. parvum at multiple sites using qPCR where it previously had gone undetected by microscopy. Using qPCR, we substantially reduced processing time, increased detection limit and reduced error in P. parvum abundance estimates compared to microscopy. Thus, qPCR is an effective tool for detecting and monitoring P. parvum, particularly at pre-bloom densities, and should likewise prove useful in monitoring programs for the other HAB species for which qPCR methods have been developed. |
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