Functional Compartmentalization of the Translation Apparatus and Channeling of tRNA/Aminoacyl-tRNA in Cells of Higher Eukaryotes

Literature data and authors' results on the structural and functional organization of the translation apparatus in higher eukaryotes are considered. Proofs are presented of the channeling of tRNA/aminoacyl-tRNA in the course of eukaryotic protein synthesis. The concept of the shuttle role of eEF1A is grounded; the factor, being in a GTP-bound form, delivers aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome and then, in the having undergone to a GDP -form after hydrolysis of GTP on the ribosome, forms a complex with the deacylated tRNA and delivers it to the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. The notion of a translational compartment is defined.