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A review of standardized metabolic phenotyping of animal models |
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| Authors: | Jan Rozman Martin Klingenspor Martin Hrabě de Angelis |
| Affiliation: | 1. German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolst?dter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany 5. German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany 2. Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universit?t München, Else Kr?ner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, 85350, Freising, Germany 3. ZIEL - Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universit?t München, 85350, Freising, Germany 4. Chair for Experimental Genetics, Life and Food Science Center Weihenstephan, Technische Universit?t Munich, 85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany |
| Abstract: | Metabolic phenotyping of genetically modified animals aims to detect new candidate genes and related metabolic pathways that result in dysfunctional energy balance regulation and predispose for diseases such as obesity or type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview on the technologies available to monitor energy flux (food uptake, bomb calorimetry of feces and food, and indirect calorimetry) and body composition (qNMR, DXA, and MRI) in animal models for human diseases with a special focus on phenotyping methods established in genetically engineered mice. We use an energy flux model to illustrate the principles of energy allocation, describe methodological aspects how to monitor energy balance, and introduce strategies for data analysis and presentation. |
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