Genetic characterization of ticks from southwestern Romania by sequences of mitochondrial cox1 and nad5 genes

In the present study, samples representing three hard tick species and one soft tick species, namely Dermacentor marginatus, Haemaphysalis punctata, Ixodes ricinus and Argas persicus from southwestern Romania, and one hard tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, from China were characterized genetically by a portion of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (pcox1) and a portion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 5 gene (pnad5). The pcox1 and pnad5 were amplified separately from individual ticks by PCR, sequenced and analyzed. The length of pcox1 and pnad5 sequences of all samples was 732 and 519 bp, respectively. The intra-specific sequence variation in De. marginatus was 0.1–1.0% for pcox1 and 0.2–1.2% for pnad5, whereas in Ha. punctata it was 0.4–1.9% for pcox1 and 0.4–1.0% for pnad5. For the tick species examined in the present study, sequence comparison revealed that the inter-specific sequence differences were higher: 15.9–27.6% for pcox1 and 20.3–42.4% for pnad5. This suggests that the cox1 and nad5 sequences could provide useful genetic markers for the specific identification and genetic characterization of ticks in Romania and elsewhere.