40Ar/39Ar geochronology and paleomagnetic stratigraphy of the Lukeino and lower Chemeron Formations at Tabarin and Kapcheberek,Tugen Hills,Kenya |
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| Institution: | 3. 5545 S. Dorchester Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, U.S.A.;1. Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Straße 10, 07745, Jena, Germany;2. Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA;3. Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1215 W. Dayton St., Madison, WI, 53706, USA;4. Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut, 354 Mansfield Road, Unit 1176, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA;1. PACEA, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5199 Bâtiment B8, Allee Geoffrey St Hilaire, CS 50023, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France;2. Department of Geography, King''s College London, K4U.06 Strand Campus, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom;3. School of Archaeology, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, 28 New Barnett House, Little Clarendon Street, Oxford OX1 2HU, United Kingdom;4. Department of Archaeology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2627, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia;1. Department of Earth Sciences, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya;2. Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA;3. Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA;4. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA;5. Research Laboratory for Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;1. Sorbonne Universités – CR2P-MNHN, CNRS, UPMC-Paris 6 – CP 38, Muséum National D''Histoire Naturelle, 8 Rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France;2. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Human Evolution, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;3. Departamento de Antropología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile;4. Institute of Cognitive & Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;1. UMR5608 CNRS TRACES, Université de Toulouse-Jean Jaurès, Toulouse, France;2. Evolutionary Studies Institute and School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, PO WITS, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa;3. Florisbad Quaternary Research, National Museum, P.O. Box 266, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa;4. Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa;5. Department of Archaeology, Humanities Building, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom;6. Computer-assisted Palaeoanthropology Team, UMR 5288 CNRS-Université de Toulouse, Paul Sabatier, France;1. Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University, SUNY, New York, USA;2. Centro UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain;3. Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA;4. Cátedra de Otoacústica Evolutiva y Paleoantropología (HM Hospitales-Universidad de Alcalá), Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain;5. Centro de Investigación Francisco Javier Muñiz, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Calle Paraguay 2155, Primer piso, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, 1121, Argentina;6. Departamento de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain;7. Grup d''Arqueologia i Prehistòria, Universitat de Girona, pl. Ferrater Mora, 1, 17071 Girona, Spain |
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| Abstract: | 40Ar/39Ar single-crystal laser-fusion dating, K–Ar dating, and paleomagnetic reversal stratigraphy have been used to determine the chronostratigraphy of the Kabarnet Trachyte, Lukeino Formation, Kaparaina Basalt Formation, and Chemeron Formation at the sites of Kapcheberek (BPRP#77) and Tabarin (BPRP#77) in the Tugen Hills, Kenya. The succession ranges in age from 6·56–3·8 Ma. The upper Lukeino Formation at Kapcherberek, including the fauna from the site BPRP#76, was deposited during chron C3r and can be constrained to the interval 5·88–5·72 Ma. The Chemeron Formation at Tabarin includes at the base an ignimbrite and associated basal air-fall tuff with a combined age of 5·31±0·03 Ma. Sedimentary and volcaniclastic rocks of the Chemeron Formation which unconformably overlie the ignimbrite record chrons C3n.2n through C2Ar. The combined40Ar/39Ar and paleomagnetic data constrain the age of this sequence to 4·63–3·837 Ma. The age of the Tabarin mandible fragment (KNM-TH 13150) and associated fauna at site BPRP#77 in the Chemeron Formation is 4·48–4·41 Ma, marginally older than similar early hominids from Aramis, Ethiopia. Basin subsidence appears to be defining an overall accumulation rate of about 17 cm/ka over the 2·7 Ma represented at Tabarin and Kapcheberek, despite episodes of rapid accumulation and hiatuses. |
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