Non-marine biota from the Lower Permian of the central Southern Alps (Orobic and Collio basins, N Italy): a key to the paleoenvironment

The Lower Permian in the central Southern Alps yields an important low-diversity fossil assemblage which was deposited in a varied continental setting, showing mainly alluvial fan to lacustrine and, locally, playa-like floodplain environments. The present study is not taxonomical and its objective is to make a first report of new invertebrate organisms and trackways discovered in the Orobic and Collio basins. Such a fossil record, which comprises freshwater jellyfishes, arthropod tracks, stromatolites, algae and other organisms, will further our knowledge about the local and regional geological history of the central-western Southern Alps and improve our understanding of Early Permian palaeoenvironments. On the whole, in both intramontane basins the ichnodiversity and fossil content decreases from a stratigraphic lower portion, mainly lacustrine and alluvial, towards an upper one, characterised by coarse alluvial deposits to floodplain fines. On the basis of both the already known palaeontological data from the two basins, mainly macroflora and tetrapod footprint associations, and the recently discovered taxa, we tried to make reliable palaeoenvironmental inferences and, possibly, hypothesise on a climatic change, which could have occurred during the Early Permian.