东南太平洋金枪鱼延绳钓主要渔获种类垂直分布

研究延绳钓渔获物的垂直分布特征,可以帮助人们制定有效措施减少兼捕鱼种的渔获率,更好地了解大洋生态系统结构,并为基于生态系统的渔业管理提供参考.本研究根据2013年9月-2014年1月我国金枪鱼科学观察员在东南太平洋采集的延绳钓钩位深度数据和主要渔获种类的钓获钩位数据,分析了各钩位的上浮率和钓获鱼种的垂直分布,比较了不同鱼种垂直分布的差异.结果表明: 钓钩相对上浮率变化范围为8.9%～17.1%,平均相对上浮率为13.5%;14种渔获物钓获深度范围差异较大,斑点月鱼的平均钓获深度最深,鲣鱼最浅;除黄鳍金枪鱼和条纹四鳍旗鱼外,其他兼捕鱼种钓获深度均与长鳍金枪鱼(目标鱼种)具有显著性差异.

Vertical distribution of main species captured by tuna longline fishery in the southeast Pacific Ocean.

Information of vertical distribution of longline hook species is important for the development of effective measures to mitigate bycatch, and very helpful for better understanding of the oceanic ecosystem structure and implementation of ecosystem based fisheries management. Based on depth data of longline hook and capture hook position of pelagic species, collected by on board scientific observer in the southeast Pacific Ocean from September 2013 to January 2014, shoaling rate of longline hook and vertical distribution of 14 pelagic species were analyzed. The results showed that the relative shoaling rate range of longline hook was 8.9%-17.1%, and the average relative shoaling rate was 13.5%. The depth ranges of 14 capture species were different. The species with the deepest depth was Opah (Lampris guttatus), and the species with the shallowest depth was skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis). Except for yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and striped marlin (Tetrapturus audax), the mean depth and depth distributions of bycatch species were significantly different from that of the targeted albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga).