Principal component analysis of event-related potentials: A note on misallocation of variance |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;2. Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;3. Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Hospitals, Ann Arbor, Michigan;4. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York;5. Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland;6. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas;7. Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina;8. Statistical Services, Medtronic, Mounds View, Minnesota;9. Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Surgery, and Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts;10. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, Texas;1. Department of Behavioral Science, Research and Education Center for Brain Sciences (RECBS), Center for Experimental Research in Social Sciences (CERSS), Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan;2. International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan;3. Strategic Planning Department, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 4-2-1 Nukui-kita, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan;1. Linnaeus University, Universitetplatsen 1 351 95 Växjö, Sweden;2. Department of Psychology, City University London, UK;3. Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, USA;4. Department of Psychology, Indiana University, USA;1. College of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province, 471003 China;2. Institute of Plant Protection Research, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Key Laboratory for Control of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, IPM Key Laboratory in Southern Part of North China for Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002 China;1. InSTAR Program, The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India;2. Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India;3. University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom;1. Nielsen Consumer Neuroscience, United States;2. The University of Oklahoma, United States;3. Rutgers University, United States;4. Ariel University, Israel;5. The Pennsylvania State University, United States |
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| Abstract: | Wood and McCarthy (1984) found a ‘misallocation of variance’ when applying PCA, including Varimax rotation, to simulated data. Here it is demonstrated that this effect can be produced by Varimax rotation, without PCA as an intervening step. PCA does not distort or lose information when extracting components, since it is shown that the prototypes may be perfectly reconstructed from the unrotated solution. However, it is stressed that infinitely many sets of prototypes may render the same final solution, a fact which cannot be overcome by any method. The role of the rotation step within this framework is discussed. |
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