Synthesis of morphinane alkaloids during opium poppy somatic embryogenesis |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;2. Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense - UNESC, Criciúma, SC, Brazil;3. Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Products Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade de Caxias do Sul – UCS, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil;4. Laboratory of Conservation and Biodiversity Management, Universidade Lasalle – UNILASALLE, Canoas, RS, Brazil;5. Herbarium Dr. Roberto Miguel Klein, Department of Natural Sciences, Universidade Regional de Blumenau - FURB, Blumenau, SC, Brazil;6. Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;1. School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia;4. Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria |
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| Abstract: | Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) tissue cultures were examines by thin-layer and high performance liquid chromatography (TLC; HPLC) for qualitative and quantitative changes in morphinane alkaloid content during somatic embryogenesis. Somatic embryos were examined at weekley intervals over a 7-week induction and maturation period. Thebaine was the only morphinane positively identified in tissue extracts and in spent growth media. Neither morphine nor codeine were produced in detectable quantities during somatic embryogenesis. Production of thebaine was developmentally regulated, gradually increasing following the removal of auxin from the culture medium. Accumulation of this alkaloid in the growth medium paralleled its appearance in somatic embryos. Alkaloid synthesis in somatic embryos appeared to require a minimum level of organization that could also be disrupted by the spontaneous loss of embryogenic potential that was observed in some culture lines. |
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