An abnormal facial gesture in an estrous mare |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, 715 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2038, United States;2. Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, 703 Third Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2038, United States;1. Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan;2. Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan;3. Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, 188-0002, Japan;4. Hidaka Training and Research Center, Japan Racing Association, 535–13 Nishicha, Urakawa, Hokkaido, 057–0171, Japan;1. Department of Ethology, Institute of Animal Sciences, 104 00 Prague, Czech Republic;2. Department of Ethology and Companion Animal Science, Faculty of Agrobiology Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic;1. Swine Teaching and Research Center, Department of Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine - University of Pennsylvania, 382 West Street Road Kennett Square, PA, 19348, USA;2. Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Animal Behaviour and Welfare, ul. Postępu 36A, 05-552, Jastrzębiec, Poland;1. Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil;2. Institute of Animal Science, São Paulo Agrobusiness Technology Agency, Nova Odessa, Brazil;1. Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 17, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany;2. Department of Animal Sciences, University of Göttingen, Burckhardtweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany;3. Center for Integrated Breeding Research, University of Göttingen, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany |
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| Abstract: | A 24-year-old mare exhibited abnormal behavior only when she was in estrus. She was subordinate to other mares. During diestrus she aggressed against an approaching stallion as a normal non-receptive mare would, but during estrus she flexed her limbs, clamped her tail and opened and closed her mouth when a stallion approached. The facial expression appeared when she first noticed the stallion or heard his neighs. The limb flexing occurred only when a stallion was in close proximity. The facial expression closely resembled snapping (also known as champing or tooth-clapping) of immature equids and jawing of receptive zebra and donkey mares.It is hypothesized that the mare's expression, the snapping of foals and the facial expression of donkeys and zebras are the same expression — one that indicates that the animal is in an approach—avoidance situation. In this case, the mare may have been both fearful of, and attracted to, stallions. |
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