Slight vapor deficit accelerates graft union healing of tomato plug seedling

The application of grafting in tomato production has substantially improved tomato quality and yields. It has been demonstrated that humidity plays an important role in the graft healing of seedlings. This study focuses on the optimum relative humidity (RH) conditions for scion and rootstock healing of grafted tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings. Two tomato cultivars, ‘Super Sunload’ and ‘Super Dotaerang’, grafted onto ‘B-Blocking’ rootstock were subjected to one of three RH regimens: 70–80, 80–90, or 90–100%. The results showed that the scions of both cultivars showed apparent wilting under the 70–80 and 80–90% RH treatments. On this basis, the 90–100% RH treatment was subdivided into 95–96, 97–98, and 99–100% RH treatments, which were then applied. Among these subdivided RH treatments, the fresh weights of the scions and rootstocks significantly increased in response to the treatments of 97–98 and 99–100% RH, and the graft union connection of both cultivars was also enhanced after two days of healing. Furthermore, lower levels of endogenous H₂O₂ and less activity of antioxidant enzymes were observed in both cultivars in response to treatment with 95–96 or 97–98% RH, which indicated that less oxidative stress occurred. Overall, it is suggested that 97–98% is the optimal RH level for the graft healing of tomato seedlings.