Application of PIXE analysis to the study of the regional distribution of trace elements in normal human brain |
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Authors: | H. Duflou W. Maenhaut J. De Reuck |
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Affiliation: | (1) Instituut voor Nucleaire Wetenschappen, Rijksuniversiteit Gent, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Gent, Belgium;(2) Kliniek voor Neurologie, Akademisch Ziekenhuis, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Gent, Belgium |
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Abstract: | A particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis method is presented, which allows measurement of eight elements (i.e., K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, and Rb) in human brain samples of only a few mg dry weight. The precision and accuracy of the method were investigated by analyzing animal brain matter with both PIXE and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). The method was applied to measure the 8 elements in 46 different regions of 3 human brains. The sections analyzed originated from either the left or the right cerebral hemisphere, brain stem, and cerebellum. For one of the brains, sections were also analyzed from 26 corresponding regions of both hemispheres. For all elements, similar concentrations were found in the corresponding areas of the left and right sides of the brain. The concentrations (in μg/g dry weight) of the elements K, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, and Rb were consistently higher in cortical structures than in white matter. Deep nuclei and brain stem, which have a mixed composition, showed intermediate values for K, Zn, Se, and Rb. A hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that the various brain regions clustered into two large groups, one comprising gray and mixed matter regions and the other, white and mixed matter brain areas. |
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Keywords: | Particle-induced X-ray emission PIXE trace elements, in human brain human brain, trace elements in human brain, regional distribution of elements in human brain, potassium in human brain, calcium in human brain, manganese in human brain, iron in human brain, copper in human brain, zinc in human brain, selenium in human brain, rubidium in |
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