Evidence against a Looped Structure of the Inactive Human X-Chromosome Territory |
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Authors: | Steffen Dietzel Roland Eils Kurt Sätzler Harald Bornfleth Anna Jauch Christoph Cremer Thomas Cremer |
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Institution: | Steffen Dietzel, Roland Eils, Kurt Sätzler, Harald Bornfleth, Anna Jauch, Christoph Cremer,Thomas Cremer, |
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Abstract: | Multicolor fluorescencein situhybridization with a whole chromosome composite probe for the X-chromosome and microdissection probes for the Xp and Xq arms, as well as for the Xp terminal, Xq terminal, and X centromer specific subregional probes, was applied to three-dimensional (3D) preserved human female amniotic fluid cell nuclei. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and three-dimensional image analysis demonstrated distinctly separated Xp arm and Xq arm domains. 3D distance measurements revealed a high variability of intrachromosomal distances between Xpter, Xcen, and Xqter specific probes within both X territories. A 3D distance measurement error of ±70 nm was found in control experiments using quartz glass microspheres labeled with different fluorochromes. Our data argue against the hypothesis of Walkeret al.(1991,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA88, 6191–6195) that a looped structure of the inactive X territory is formed by tight telomere–telomere associations. |
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